Wednesday, August 1, 2012

Sarawak: A Walk with Grandpa

The young gentleman posing so graciously with Eileen in this picture is our grandson Ryan Raja Wong, aged almost 4-1/2 at this point (May 3, 2011). Readers of this blog will be seeing a fair bit of him in future postings.

Despite his apparent lack of seriousness he is proving to be quite an enthusiastic young naturalist.

Ryan will be accompanying us on a walk through the Sama Jaya Nature Reserve, an attractive and popular 38-hectare park in Kuching, Sarawak's capital. Shall we?

The park features two very popular paved jogging trails through a patch of urban kerangas forest. It's a good place for Ryan to see typical rainforest plants, like this vine creeping up a tree trunk, its leaves pressed closely against the bark.

It's not always easy to interest a small child in little things that fascinate his Grandpa, including richly-coloured young leaves (the colours may warn insects of protective toxins in their tissues) ending in graceful drip tips, the better to shed the frequent raindrops.

Flowers are an easier sell. This is a ginger, its twisting stem allowing each of its leaves unimpeded access to the sun.

This, I think, is a gesneriad of some sort.  I'm probably wrong.

Neurothemis terminata
Of course, Ryan finds insects endlessly fascinating. Grandpa likes them too, even common ditch-dwelling dragonflies like Neurothemis terminata.

Neurothemis terminata
Ryan has learned that Grandpa does not want him to chase these insects with the largest sticks he can find. Not until Grandpa has taken his photographs, anyway (and, my animal protection minded colleagues will be relieved to learn, not even then).

Ryan, who is flatteringly convinced that Grandpa knows everything, wants to know the exact name of every insect we see. Grandpa is embarrassed to admit that he hasn't the faintest idea what this little fellow is - a bug, perhaps, or a sort of beetle?

Assassin bug (Cosmolestes sp, Harpactorinae)
Assassin bug (Cosmolestes sp, Harpactorinae)
Grandpa does much better on this one - it is an assassin bug (Cosmolestes sp., subfamily Harpactorinae, family Reduviidae). I'm afraid that I try Ryan's patience trying to get a good shot of it.

Branded Imperial (Eoxylides tharis)
This tiny but spectacular butterfly is a Branded Imperial (Eoxylides tharis), one of a number of orange hairstreaks with black-and-white tails on the hindwing. Grandpa tells Ryan that a bird trying to eat this butterfly might be fooled by the tails into taking a bite from the wrong end. Grandpa doesn 't know the names of the ants in the same picture, though.

Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita)
Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita)
Here's something you don't often see in a city park - a female Crested Fireback Pheasant (Lophura ignita). I'm not sure how she got here, but apparently she is alone - a male that I gather once lived in the park has apparently died.

Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita)
She has not the least fear of people, including Ryan (once Grandpa has convinced him that chasing her would not be a very good idea).

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Plants, insects and birds are all very well, but for a nature-loving four-year-old, you can't beat monkeys for sheer excitement. There is a troop of Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the park, and encountering them is the high point of our walk.

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
They seem as concerned about us as we are interested in them! We are as much primates as they are, of course. Are there grandfathers and grandchildren in their group, too?

Sarawak: Karst Country

From Australia Eileen and I finally returned to Sarawak, where we found ourselves caught up our usual round of friends and family. With the exception of a short trip to the beach resort at Damai (of which more in a later post), I did not have a chance to get out in the field again until April 28, 2011, when our old friend Lord Cranbrook, in Kuching on his annual visit, invited us to join him on an outing to a small cave in the limestone karst country on the road to Borneo Highlands.

We picked up a local Iban guide in a kampung near the cave site. He assured up that getting up to the cave would be no trouble at all. Well, it certainly was no trouble for him - but what was easy for a wiry little jungle hunter was quite a different matter for us (and particularly for an overweight, out-of-shape orang puteh such as Your Correspondent.

The first approach we tried to reach the cave involved scaling a steep, narrow rocky ledge in the forest, guided by a handrail that we were cautioned not to use, for fear it would give way.

Needless to say, we didn't get far. Lord Cranbrook, who had a cold, was feeling none to well, I was gasping for breath, Eileen was convinced that we were gong to break our necks, and our friend Daisy, who had unsuspectingly come along for the ride, had the wrong sort of footwear.

To at least my considerable relief, we gave up.

Undaunted (well, sort of undaunted), we tried again. This time, we got as far as a cleared patch of crops in the forest before deciding that it was too hot to go on (and Lord Cranbrook was feeling none too well). Instead, it was generally decided that only one of us should go on to the cave with our guide, and that the person elected to do so would be me. A trifle reluctantly, I agreed.

 And so, I ended up struggling up the slope, among the rocks....

...to the cave opening.

More interesting than the cave itself (at least for me) were the rocks around the entrance, and the garden of plants that grew over them.

They included a bevy of ferns in a variety of sizes and shapes...

...a few peculiar-looking aroids...

...plants that I assumed to be gesneriads (that is, African Violet relatives)...

...a balsam (Impatiens sp.)...

...and a begonia, one of many in Malaysia...


Back on the forest floor, I found tiny fruiting bodies of fungi sprouting from the leaf litter.

Trithemis festiva
As we made our way out of the forest I was delighted to find quite a few dragonflies about. Along a tiny stream in the forest I found this male Trithemis festiva. The photo is a bit too dark to show clearly one of its distiguishing marks, a series of ochre patches on the upper side of the abdomen, but believe me, they're there.

Orthetrum glaucum
Orthetrum glaucum
When I first started assembling and labelling these photos, I confess I got many of the identifications wrong. I at first misidentified this one as Brachydiplax chalybea (hence the file name on the photograph), but it is much more likely to be Orthetrum glaucum.

Urothemis signata
This, despite the file label, is Urothemis signata; note the red eyes and wing venation.[July 2017: no, it's Trithemis aurora!].

Orthetrum chrysis
Don't believe the file name on this one either: it is, I now think, Orthetrum chrysis.

Orthetrum testaceum
Got this one wrong, too: it is Orthetrum testaceum, not Crocothemis servilia. For one thing, it has brown, not red, eyes; and for the technically minded, it has a complte antenodal crossvein. I'm better at these now because I have the very useful A Photographic Guide to the Dragonflies of Singapore by Tang Hung Bun et al., which covers a lot of the common Borneo dragons and has very helpful comparison pages on the red and blue libellulids, groups I find particularly confusing.

Neurothemis fluctuans
I'm on firmer ground here, at least to genus: this is certainly a Neurothemis, with those big swathes of colour across the wings. But which one? There are two likely candidates, N. fluctuans and N. ramburii. The chief difference, according to A.G. Orr's A Guide to the Dragonflies of Borneo, is size (which I can't use here) and that in the larger ramburii "typically there is only one crossvein in the cubital space of the hindwing (behind the median space)". Well, as far as I can see this one has two crossveins in the area behind the median space (the long veinless trip at the base of the hindwing), which means that this is probably a male Neurothemis fluctuans.

Neurothemis terminata
This one, with a bright red face and the clear area of the wing more squared off than in the dragonfly above, is probably Neurothemis terminata. Neurothemis spp. are abundant "ditch dragonflies" in Borneo, and I snapped both of these insects by the main road once we got back to the car.

Angled Castor (Ariadne pallidior)
On to butterflies: this is a member of the genus Ariadne, likely an Angled Castor (Ariadne pallidior).

Grey Pansy (Junonia atlites)
This is a Grey Pansy (Junonia atlites)...

Common Lascar (Pantoporia hordonia)
And this is a Common Lascar (Pantoporia hordonia).

A large and handsome millipede scales a tree trunk...

Asian Rhinoceros Beetle (?Oryctes rhinoceros)
While a rhinoceros beetle - possibly the Asian Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) - has blundered into a mist net set up to protect the crop field. O. rhinoceros is a pest on oil palm, and given my opinion of that plant I risk being one of its firm admirers in consequence...

At the end of our morning visit we were all hot, sweaty - and, I admit, exhausted!